Travelling Around Britain and the World

Friday, 3 March 2017

From the Cameron Highlands to Kuala Kangsar and George Town: Malay Peninsula Part 5

From the Cool, Wet Highlands to the Heat of the Coast

Leaving the Cameron Highlands


Malaysia
Pahang
Despite yesterday’s fascinating walk, another night of wind and rain meant we were not desperately sorry to be leaving the Cameron Highlands.

With A, the same driver who had brought us from Kuala Lumpur, a friendly young man with a good command of English, we headed north along the highland ridge, through some pleasant scenery…

The Cameron Highlands looking good

…and some rather less attractive. Fresh flowers and strawberries are the highland’s main crops and the growers have blanketed the once green hillsides with polytunnels. It is ugly and looks uncontrolled, but apparently regulations exist; we passed tunnels smashed by the authorities for being unlicensed.

The Cameron Highlands despoiled by plastic

Turning west we gently wound our way down to the coastal plain, leaving the state of Pahang and entered Perak. Cocooned within an air-conditioned car we failed to notice the steadily rising temperature.

On the plain we passed a marble quarry, an ugly gash in a mountainside, and a line of workshops. Buildings and vegetation were sprinkled with white specks of marble and dust hung in the air.

We stopped at a service station for fuel and a comfort break. Stepping from the car the heat was momentarily overwhelming. The maximum daily temperature in the Cameron Highlands is 22 or 23°, on the coastal plain the overnight low is higher than that and day time temperatures hover in the mid-30s 365 days a year.

We reached the E2, Malaysia’s north-south Expressway in the outskirts of Ipoh, Perak’s capital and largest city. Founded during the tin-mining boom of the 1880s, Ipoh grew to become Malaysia’s third largest city with a current population of around 650,000, though the city has struggled since tin mining collapsed at the end of the last century.

Today's journey from the Cameron Highlands down to Ipoh, Kuala Kangsar and over the bridge to Georgetown

Kuala Kangsar: Posh Schools and Rubber

Progress along the motorway was swift. Some 40km north of Ipoh A asked if we would like to see a rubber tree. We wondered what he meant, Malaysia is the world’s biggest rubber producer and although straight, slender rubber trees are now outnumbered by palm oil trees, plantations remain widespread. ‘In Kuala Kangsar,’ he added as though that was important. We quickly said ‘yes’ as apparently light needed shedding on an area of ignorance.

Kuala Kangsar is only a couple miles east of the E2. It is a neat little town with several buildings painted to look like something they are not, but the town centre is dominated by the buildings and playing fields of Malay College, which likes to refer to itself as the Eton of the East, and its rival, Clifford College.

Kuala Kangsar and interestingly painted buildings

The rubber tree we had come to see stands beside a road between the two schools. Rubber is a native of Brazil which at first had a virtual monopoly on production. In 1876 British explorer and adventurer Sir Henry Wickham acquired (or stole) 70,000 rubber seeds in Santarém and took them to the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew. Seedlings were cultivated and dispatched to likely parts of the Empire. According to A (and The Rubber Economist) 9 seedlings were brought to Malaya (as it was then) by Henry Ridley, first Director of the Singapore Botanical Gardens, who planted them in 1877, and we were looking at the last survivor.

The Old rubber Tree in Kuala Kangsar

Unfortunately, according to The Singapore Botanic Gardens (from whom I have ‘borrowed’ the photo below – thank you SBG) Ridley was not appointed until 1888.

Henry Ridley, the father of the Malayan rubber industry
Enthusiastic and eccentric, but not actually 'mad' Ridley married for the first time at the age of 83
and died in 1956 just before his 101st birthday

He is celebrated as the father of the Malay rubber industry and was so fervent an advocate of rubber he became known as ‘Mad’ Ridley, but either he did not plant this tree, or it was planted later than 1877 and is not an original ‘Kew seedling’. Either way, it is undoubtedly a very old tree and very different from the young specimens from which rubber is tapped. I should now make that point with a photo of a Malaysian rubber plantation, but I have none, instead here is a picture I took in India in 2010.

Tapping rubber, Kerala, Southern India, 2010

Driving to the edge of town, A paused by the bridge over the Perak River.

The Perak River, Kuala Kangsar

Kuala Kangsar: Two Palaces and a Mosque designed by an Englishman

We drove through prosperous riverside suburbs expecting to return to the motorway but there was more to see. Not content with having two elite schools and a venerable rubber tree, Kuala Kangsar is also the royal capital of Perak. Nazrin Shah, the 35th Sultan, (educated at Malay College Kuala Kangsar and Worcester College, Oxford) has occupied the throne since 2014. Istana Iskandariah has been the Sultan’s official residence since it was completed in 1933 but the sultan does not welcome unannounced visitors, so we left him in peace….

The entrance to Istana Iskandariah, Kuala Kangsar

….and went to see the nearby Istana Kenangan instead. The floods of 1926 persuaded Iskandar Shah (the 30th Sultan) that he needed a new palace slightly further from the river. The remarkable little Istana Kenangan was constructed as a temporary royal residence while Istana Iskandariah was being completed. It was built of wood without using nails and the carvings and woven decorations were added later. It is now the Royal Museum of Perak, inconveniently, closes on Fridays.

Istana Kenangan, Kuala Kangsur

Our wanderings had taken us right round the Ubudiah Mosque, so we went for a closer look. In 1911, when Idris Shah I, the 28th Sultan, was taken ill, he vowed that should he recover he would build a mosque and this is the result. Building started in 1913 and took four years, a significant delay being caused by two fighting elephants destroying much of the stockpiled Italian marble.

The Ubudiah Mosque, Kuala Kangsar

The design was by AB Hubback who was also responsible for the Sultan Abdul Samad Building and the Jamek Mosque in Kuala Lumpur. It is surprising enough that this Liverpudlian brother of an Anglican bishop was entrusted with two of Malaysia’s foremost mosques, even before considering the design. Ubudiah is all right, maybe a bit fussy, from close to, but from a distance the proportions are strange and like the Sultan Abdul Samad Building, it seems to present a version of ‘the orient’ that only ever existed in the minds of Europeans. No matter, Idris liked it, so that was good enough.

From a distance the Ubudiah Mosque just looks wrong to me

Pausing only for a picture of botanical interest – this was in the flowerbed outside the mosque, I believe it is a member of the ginger family - we made our way back to the motorway.

A member of the ginger family, I think, cultivated at the Ubudiah mosque

Malayan Postage Stamps and the Malaysian Constitution

We soon left Perak and entered the State of Penang, bringing on a couple of digressions.

I have probably not looked at my stamp collection for over 50 years, but it is, it seems, deeply embedded in my memory. In 1957, as the Federation of Malaya gained independence the youthful Queen Elizabeth disappeared from the stamps and the standardised designs, customised for each individual state, showe the head of the local ruler. I was fascinated by ‘faraway places with strange sounding names’ (actually, I still am), so re-encountering the states of Malaya; Selangor, Johor, Negri Sembilan and the rest was like meeting old friends. Today's journey had taken us from Pahang to Penang via Perak, names I remembered well.

9 of Malaya’s 11 states had hereditary rulers (7 Sultans, 1 Raja and a Yamtuan Besar) who appeared on the stamps, the other two, the former Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca used a heraldic device.

I liked the headgear of some of the rulers - particularly this one from Perak.

Now THAT is a turban

‘Perak’ is written at the bottom in Jawi script, Arabic heavily modified to suit Malay and related languages, though Rumi (Latin script) is now used almost universally in Malaysia.

Malaysia is unique in being a ‘federal parliamentary elective constitutional monarchy’. When Malaya gained independence in 1957, the 7 Sultans, 1 Raja and the Yamtuan Besar (who are constitutional monarchs within their own states) met to elect one of their number to be Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state and constitutional monarch of Malaya, for 5 years. They have met every five years since (or earlier if the grim reaper intervenes – they are not generally young men) to repeat the process. In 1963 Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined Malaya to form the Federation of Malaysia (Singapore left again in 1965) and although none of them had hereditary heads of state, the system survived. In practice, this small and very exclusive electorate has avoided disputes by electing the monarch in strict rotation of the states. It is a pretty safe bet that in 2021 the successor to Muhammed V, Sultan of Kelantan, will be the Sultan of Pahang (though it may not be the current Sultan as he is already 86.) [Update: In Jnuary 2019, Muhammed V of Kelantan became the first ever Yang di-Pertuan Agong to step down - over an entanglement/marriage/divorce with/from a Russian model. The Sultan of Pahang who duly succeeded him is the son of the Sultan when this was first posted].

Here endeth the digressions.

Across the Bridge to Penang Island

Penang is Malaysia’s second smallest but most densely populated state. It consists of a coastal strip on the mainland and Penang Island, with George Town, the state capital and Malaysia’s second largest city at its north-east corner.

We crossed to the island over the 24km long Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge, Penang’s second link to the mainland, opened in 2014.

The Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge to Penang Island

And swung right up the coast to George Town.

Nearing Penang Island on the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge

The Georgetown World Heritage Site

Central George Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and our hotel, 23 Love Lane, was right in the heart of it.

23 Love Lane, George Town, Penang

Inside was an atrium where complementary tea and coffee was always available, as were snacks in the late afternoon. We said goodbye to A, who had served us well for the last three days, enjoyed a welcome drink and inspected our characterful room on the first floor overlooking the courtyard.

The entrance 23 Love Lane, George Town, Penang

Our Kuala Kangsar detour meant it was now 3 o’clock and we had missed lunch (oh the horror!). Love Lane acquired its name when it was George Town’s red-light district, but apart from our chic boutique hotel it is now mainly occupied by back packer hostels. We repaired to one for soup and a beer.

The rest of the afternoon we spent wandering George Town’s characterful narrow streets. Street art is much in evidence. Some is for its own sake….

Street art, George Town, Penang

…and some is informative. Before it was a restaurant the premises below are where Jimmy Choo (born, George Town 1948) served his apprenticeship. I am at a loss to understand how anyone can become famous by designing shoes, but I have to admit even I have heard of Jimmy Choo.

Jimmy Choo first made shoes here, George Town, Penang

Dinner at the Red Garden Food Court, Georgetown

As we arrived A had pointed out and recommended the Red Garden food court, so in the evening we took a short walk and entered the large court lined with food stalls. As we looked around a beer man approached to explain the procedure - and sell us some beer. Having bagged a numbered table, you wander round the stalls seeing what catches your eye, you order a bit here and a bit there, give the stallholders your number and in due course the food is delivered and payment made. Then you go round again - if the fancy takes you.

Red Garden food court, George Town, Penang

Kuey Teow (fried flat noodles with egg and prawn), crispy duck with vegetables and rice and a handful of fiery satay sticks made an excellent meal. Our only regret was that we had missed Selina the lady-boy, who performs only on Thursdays.

Strolling happily back to the hotel through the warm night air under a shining half moon, I could not help but think that already I preferred Penang to the decidedly parky Cameron Highlands.

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Location: Jalan Tanjong Tokong, Kampung Masjid, 10470 Tanjung Bungah, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Thursday, 2 March 2017

The Cameron Highlands, A Rainforest Walk, BOH and Curry: Malay Peninsula Part 4

The Robinson Falls, Orang Asli and a Tea Plantation

Malaysia
Pahang
I cannot be sure it rained all night, but it was raining when I went to sleep, raining when we had a cup of tea at 4.30 (after being woken by the rain) and raining when we got up.

It was raining when we dashed to breakfast, skipping lightly (as I don’t) round the puddles. A ‘Forest and Farm’ walk was scheduled for the morning but over breakfast we considered the need for a plan B.

The cool, wet Cameron Highlands in the centre of the Malay Peninsula

Forest and Farm Walk, Cameron Highlands

When we met our walk guide, Francis, the rain had actually stopped. We asked about the forecast and he pulled a face, but we went anyway - why come all this way and be put off by a little rain?

Francis drove us down into Tanah Rata and out the other side, parking his Land Rover where the tarmac finished and the jungle started.

Lynne and Francis at the start of the walk, near Tanah Rata

We set off into the trees on a flagged but slippery path...

A flagged but slippery path into the jungle

…which took us past a Poinsettia tree. A native of Mexico, it derives its English name from American diplomat Joel Poinsett who took it to the US in 1830 from where it has travelled the world. Familiar as a pot plant, we had never realised it can grow into a small tree.

Poisettia Tree, near Tanah Rata

It is always nice to know where you are going….

So that is where we are going.

….when you are following an awkward path along the side of a heavily wooded valley. Down to our right we could hear a rushing stream, but no waterfall as yet.

Along the valley edge above a rushing stream, near the Robinson Falls

Francis was good at spotting flora; Poinsettia may have become a citizen of the globe, but Golden Balsam, impatiens ocidioides is endemic to the Cameron Highlands.

Golden Balsam, Impatiens Ocidioides, near the Robinson Falls

He was good with fauna, too, spotting a giant snail which had climbed a tree to well above head height….

Giant snail hauled down to head height, near the Robinson Falls, Cameron Highlands

….and a small multi-legged creature, presumably a caterpillar. We had never seen anything like it, and even Francis was stumped.

Unidentified caterpillar(?) near Robinson Falls, Cameron Highlands

The Robinson Falls, Cameron Highlands

We had been walking for half an hour before the final 20m drop of the Robinson Falls came into view. There are, apparently, more tumbles upstream but this is by far the biggest and the only one visible from the path. Herbert Christopher Robinson was Director of Museums for the Federated Malay States from 1903-26. After retiring he started the massive five volume Birds of the Malay Peninsula, though completing only two before his death in 1930. I cannot guarantee the falls were named after him, but I know of no other likely candidates.

Robinson Falls, Cameron Highlands

By now the flagged path had given way to a muddy track, sometimes wide and easy…

Sometimes the path was wide and muddy, Jungle Walk 9, Tanah Rata

… sometimes tucked into the edge of the steep valley. In places trees had fallen across it; we ducked under some, climbed round others.

Sometimes the path was tucked into the edge of valley, Jungle Walk 9, Tanah Rata 

We paused to admire fungus growing on a rotting log and then,…

Fungus on a rotten log, Jungle Walk 9, Tanah Rata

…but for Francis’ sharp eyes, would have walked into the little creature below, or at least its web. (S)he is one of the spiny-backed orb-weaver spiders, the Gasteracantha. There are many species, a dozen or more resident in Malaysia, but I think this is Gasteracantha Kuhli. They are common, Francis said, but difficult to spot.

Spiny-backed Orb-weaver spider, Gasteracantha Kuhli, Cameron Highlands
The gasteracantha come in a variety of shapes and colours. Kuhli is almost identical to Gasteracantha Cancriformis which is widely distributed throughout the Americas. It easy to know which is which - provided you know which continent you are on (and not all internet users do, apparently).

No rain had fallen the whole time we were walking, and I removed my jacket as the day warmed up.

The path had been dropping from the start but now began to descend more sharply as it twisted along the valley side.

The path begins to drop more sharply, Jungle Walk 9, Tanah Rata

Orang Asli, Cameron Highlands

As we rounded the bend we saw an old man walking towards us, naked except for a blanket slung round his neck, the loose ends dangling down his back. He was plodding up the path barefoot and muttering to himself. As he drew closer I realised how small he was; he passed me by, his head lower than my shoulder. However much I wanted a photograph I could not bring myself to stick a camera in his face; these were his hills not mine and a guest should not be so rude. He continued up the path. Lynne turned hoping to photograph him as he walked away, but he turned at the same moment and stood motionless staring down at us. Lynne waved, he waved back and was gone.

‘Orang Asli,’ Francis said. Most of the local members of Malaysia’s ‘original people,’ he told us, had moved into town. Three old men continue to live in the old village – Francis pointed up the valley side – they cultivate some land and hunt a little. Occasionally one of them ventures into Tanah Rata to collect plastic bottles in return for a few coins from the recycling company.

A little further along we marvelled at the steep, almost imperceptible, track on which the old man had descended the valley side. Francis had been young, he told us, when he first encountered the man who seemed old then. Now admitting to be well over forty, Francis had no idea how old the man was.

The traditional world of the Orang Asli was as incomprehensible to us as our world was to him, but he was also a source of wonder to Francis; he may have lived close by geographically but his life style was much closer to ours.

So I have no picture of one of the 'Original People', but I can offer some wild ginger flowers, instead.

Wild ginger, Jungle Walk 9, Tanah Rata

An hour and three quarters from the start Francis turned onto a path dropping steeply into the valley….

The start of the steep descent

….from half way down we could see the trees gave way to cultivation on the valley floor.

Cultivation in the valley bottom, Cameron Highlands

We were soon down among the cabbages. They looked healthy to me, but Francis lamented that it was a poor year and the hearts should be twice the size – which would make them monster cabbages.

Descending through the cabbages, Cameron Highlands

We reached a lane running between the fields. ‘Japanese cucumber,’ Francis said, pointing to the verge. He told us that most farm workers were Bangladeshi seasonal migrants who planted these little extras on the roadside to sell for a ringgit or two. At the end of the month they might have 50 or 60 ringgits to send back to their families, roughly £10 – hardly enough I would have thought to be worth working thousands of miles away from home. ‘50 Ringgits goes a long way in Bangladesh,’ Francis observed.

Malaysian Cherry Red Centipede, Cameron Highlands

I spotted a huge centipede working its way along the gutter. Scolopendra is a large genus of large centipedes and Scolopendra dehaani or Malaysian Cherry Red as it is known locally (other names occur throughout SE Asia) is famed for its painful, poisonous bite.

The extremely unpleasant Malaysian Cherry Red Centipede, Cameron Highlands
This was as close an encounter as any sane person could want

Finding a waiting Land Rover, we hopped in and were delivered to Francis’ office in Tanah Rata to await our own driver. We said goodbye to Francis and thanked him for a fascinating walk which had been entirely in the dry. As he left the drizzle restarted.

‘Lunch,’ said our driver when he arrived. ‘No,’ we said, as one. After a couple of hours slogging along muddy paths in high humidity ‘shower’ felt a more immediate need.

Sungai Palas BOH Tea Plantation

He returned us to our hotel and when we emerged, clean and refreshed we went not to lunch but north past the Big Red Strawberry Farm (strawberries – considered extraordinarily exotic in Malaysia - are a major local product) and on to the BOH tea plantation.

The BOH tea company was founded by JA Russell in 1929 and is the biggest tea producer in Malaysia responsible for 70% of the country’s output. The name probably refers to Best of the Highlands, but other derivations have been suggested.

They have four ‘tea gardens’, three of them in the Cameron Highlands, and we visited the largest, Sungai Palas. We have seen several tea factories recently in Sri Lanka and India and from what we could observe through large Perspex windows the production process varies little.

BOH tea factory, Sungai Palas, Cameron Highlands

After a wander round and a visit to the shop (and the inevitable purchases) we had a pleasant cup of tea on a platform built out from the hill to give impressive, if misty, views over the rest of the estate.

BOH Sungai Palas Tea plantation, Cameron Highlands

Here, too, the pickers were migrants. BOH makes a big play of treating their workers fairly, supplying accommodation, recreational facilities, and mosques and temples for all persuasions.

Restoran Sri Brinchang, Tanah Rata

And then we did go for lunch. It was nearer 3 o’clock than 2 before we were sitting outside the Restoran Sri Brinchang in Tanah Rata. They promised the best south Indian food in town (hardly an extravagant claim in such a small town!) but also offered clay pots (Vietnamese) and tandoori dishes (north Indian) among other delights.

Restoran Sri Brinchang, Tanah Rata

We went with the south Indian theme ordering mutton varuval, which was served on a banana leaf with appropriate accompaniments. Varuval is a Tamil dry curry, suitable for a banana leaf, but this came in a pot with ample sauce. No matter, it was an excellent lunch. While we were eating, the sun came out and I removed my sweater. The climate is described as cool and damp with an average high of 23 or 24° - and today had been a perfect example, the ‘high’ being reached for some 30 minutes before ‘cool’ reasserted itself.

Mutton Varuval, Restoran Sri Brinchang, Tanah Rata

After lunch, we walked around Tanah Rata, there is little to see, and made some purchases. Clean and prosperous, it is a typical Malaysian small town – apart from the climate.

Tanah Rata, unofficial capital of the Cameron Highlands

The temperature dropped and the rain reappeared as we returned to our hotel.

In the evening we found the hotel bar occupied by a Dutch tour party. We squeezed onto the two remaining seats in time to see the barman lighting the fire; the evening looked more cheerful with a roaring blaze. Finding they were offering Pernod at a reasonable price we ordered two glasses. Apparently few French groups come this way as they had no idea how to serve it, but they had the sense to ask rather than blunder on and spoil it. We dined, almost alone, in the hotel’s Thai restaurant where they managed a very decent red curry.


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Location: Tanah Rata, Pahang, Malaysia
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