Executions and Human Rights
Three months ago Lynne and I spent a week in North Korea. The blog had not been completed when this was first posted, but it has been subsequently. Links to all nine posts can be found at the end of this post.
The Death of Jang Sung Taek
The DPRK has been much in the news this week. Ten days ago Jang Sung Taek was vice-chairman of the National Defence Committee and
the second most powerful man in the country. On the 8th of December he was
dismissed from this and all his other posts and expelled from the Worker’s
Party of Korea. His arrest at a Politburo meeting was shown on television and this
was swiftly followed by his trial and execution.
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| Jang Sung Taek (Copyright Yonhap News - I hope they don't mind) |
What this tells us of the inner workings of the North Korean regime – other than that they are brutal – has been the subject of much speculation. South Korean news agencies were quick to link the death of Jang to the public executions of 80 petty criminals in November and of the execution of 11 members of the girl band Ponchobo Electronic Ensemble in August. ‘A new reign of terror,' some said, 'has started in North Korea.’
Oddly ‘pornography’ was alleged to be an issue in all three cases. The girl band had performed in a pornographic video, many of the petty criminals had been distributing pornography, while Jang had merely possessed pornographic photographs. I am unsure what this tells us about the North Korean psyche, but the thought crossed my mind that in a country where the most obscene act you can commit is to disrespect the leader, ‘pornography’ might not mean what we think it does.
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| Kim Jong Un Is this 'pornography' in the DPRK? |
Some of the reports of executions come from South Korean agencies whose reporting of the north has often been more sensational
than accurate [see update at end]. That said, no one seriously doubts the execution of Jang Sung
Taek. Writing in the Independent, John Everard, British ambassador to North
Korea 2006-8, said: ‘North Koreans in the military will be particularly nervous. One of Jang’s alleged crimes was to plot
a coup against Kim Jong-un, involving the military old guard…. I suspect that
the complicity of such officers in the “plot” will now be investigated, and
that some at least will be dismissed….or worse. I doubt that Jang will be the
last person to die in this purge.’
North Korea: The Amnesty International View
On Sunday (15th Dec 2013) North Korean Prison Camps provided the basis of an Amnesty International double page advertisement in The Observer
(and, for all I know, other Sunday newspapers). I have been unable to find a
copy of the full text to link to, so I have scanned a couple of paragraphs.
They form part of one of half a dozen case studies and are representative of
the rest of the advertisement.
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| Extract from Amnesty International advertisement The Observer, 15/12/13 |
Is it all true? Unlike some campaigning groups, Amnesty tends not to exaggerate. They say 100,000 people are being held while other sources
claim up to 300,000. The case studies come from former inmates (and one former
guard) who have been released or escaped and subsequently made their way to
South Korea. The North Koreans, as Amnesty admits, ‘say the defectors are lying
and flatly deny the existence of any camps.’ Amnesty funds satellite
photography of the relevant area and say that not only do they exist, but some
are being expanded. The ‘defectors’ have an axe to grind, and there are many in
South Korea and beyond who are eager to believe anybody who tells them what
they want to hear. On the other hand if just a fraction of what Amnesty describe
actually happened, the camps rank with the worst the world has seen. We have
been to Auschwitz (and I blogged about it here) and are scheduled to visit the Cambodian
‘Killing Fields’ in February [we did, you can read about it here]; I do not make these comparisons lightly.
Our Visit: Can it be Justified
Should we have gone to North Korea? We thought it through before we went, but the events of the past week have prompted a rethink.
We travel because we are curious, curious about the world and about the lives of our fellow human beings. North Korea is unique and thus uniquely attractive. ‘Terrible lies are told about our country,’ the guide told us just before we left. ‘You have seen the truth, now go home and tell people that truth.’ I think our guide really believed that, if we were fair-minded and honest, we would go home and tell of the 'Worker’s Paradise’ that is the DPRK. But it is not a worker's paradise.
By not going we would have had no effect, so to justify our visit we need only to show that our selfish urge to satisfy our curiosity did not, on balance, strengthen the regime. If, in some small way, we improved the situation, then that is even better, though the effect of two people - or our group of 15 - can only be tiny.
We were certainly milked for hard currency, €20 for Museum entrance, €100 for the Airarang Games, €2 for a small cup of luke-warm Nescafé (and Euros is the currency we were asked to pay in), so we helped finance the state. And against that….? There was little we could say to the guides, they seemed genuinely committed to a system which continually tells them it is the best there is. To convince them otherwise risks putting them in the prison camps whose existence they would deny, and I would not want that on my conscience. What we, and every other tourist, could do was show our open-mindedness and curiosity, qualities that are frowned on in the DPRK, and which, if they caught on, would inevitably undermine the regime. Travellers are the only contact relatively ordinary Koreans have with the outside world, the only access to another point of view. But was that enough? I do not know. From a selfish point of view I am glad I went (and equally glad I do not have to go again) and it would be hypocritical to urge others to make different choices, but I remain unsure as to whether we did more harm than good.
Update. The widely reported story that Kim had Jang Sung Taek torn apart by a pack of wild dogs originated from a satirical post on Weibo – China’s homegrown twitter service. It was picked up by a Hong Kong news agency and then went worldwide. It is extremely unlikely to have any basis in fact. North Korean executioners are known to favour the machine gun.
The North Korean Posts
Beijing to Pyongyang
Pyongyang (1): A Day for Bowing
Pyongyang (2): A Day for Waving
Panmunjom and the DMZ
Sariwon and Nampho
The Nampho Barrage and back to Pyongyang
Last Day in Pyongyang (1), Gifts and the Metro
Last Day in Pyongyang (2) Serious Study and Juche Thought
By Train out of the DPRK